Solana Token Standards Explained: SPL, Token-2022, and Beyond

What is the SPL token standard?
SPL is Solana’s native token standard for creating fungible and non-fungible (NFT) tokens directly on the Solana blockchain. The Solana token standard powers fast, low-fee transfers and is a cornerstone of Solana's vibrant ecosystem. If you're curious about what separates SPL tokens from other blockchain tokens, this guide is for you!

In this article, you'll learn everything about the Solana token standard, from how SPL tokens work to real-world examples. We’ll walk through how to create a token on Solana, compare SPL with Ethereum’s ERC standards, explore advanced features like Token-2022, and share vital security best practices to keep your project and investments safe. Whether you’re a developer, investor, or simply curious, let’s unveil how Solana’s token standards supercharge the blockchain experience.

What Is the SPL Token Standard?

The SPL token standard is Solana’s official framework for issuing and managing both fungible and non-fungible tokens on the Solana blockchain. Designed to match the speed, scalability, and low fees of Solana, the SPL token standard provides something similar to Ethereum’s ERC-20 and ERC-721 standards but is fine-tuned specifically for Solana’s architecture.

SPL—short for Solana Program Library—defines a set of programmable rules and structures for tokens. These include how tokens are minted, transferred, and managed. The SPL token is the foundation for stablecoins like USDC-SPL, popular NFTs, and countless other digital assets created on Solana. Using the SPL protocol ensures compatibility with Solana wallets, dApps, and exchanges such as OKX.

💡 Pro Tip: Most major exchanges—including OKX—let you trade, deposit, and withdraw SPL-standard tokens directly to and from your Solana wallet, making cross-platform interactions seamless.

SPL: The Backbone of Solana Tokens

SPL is integral to Solana’s ecosystem. It allows anyone to create fungible tokens (like stablecoins or reward points) and non-fungible tokens (like digital art or collectibles). SPL is used for:

• Fungible tokens: e.g., USDC-SPL (stablecoin), MAPS (DePIN token)
• Non-fungible tokens: e.g., NFT collections (via Metaplex)
• Semi-fungible tokens: e.g., gaming or event tickets

SPL tokens use the same “program” interface, which powers innovation and ease-of-use across new and existing projects.

Why Not ERC-20? Solana’s Rationale

Rather than simply copying Ethereum’s ERC-20, Solana created the SPL token standard to fit its unique technical architecture:

• Parallelism: Solana executes transactions in parallel, making ERC-20's single-threaded logic inefficient on Solana
• Low Fees & High Throughput: SPL tokens take advantage of Solana's high capacity and ultra-low fees
• One Library for All: With SPL, you use the same program for both FTs and NFTs via the Metaplex extension—simplifying development

Types of Solana Tokens: Fungible, Non-Fungible, Semi-Fungible

Solana’s SPL token standard is versatile. It supports:

• Fungible tokens (FTs), which are interchangeable assets like cryptocurrencies
• Non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which are unique assets such as collectibles
• Semi-fungible tokens (SFTs), which combine elements of both, especially useful in gaming and events

The beauty of SPL is that it forms the universal foundation for issuing all these token types on Solana.

Fungible Tokens (FTs)

Much like Ethereum’s ERC-20 tokens, SPL fungible tokens represent mutually interchangeable assets. Popular SOL-based assets like USDC-SPL or MAPS use this format. These tokens are widely traded on exchanges—OKX, for example, supports spot trading, deposit, and withdrawal for dozens of SPL tokens. Fungible SPL tokens are ideal for:

• Payments
• Utility/reward points
• Stablecoins

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)

NFTs on Solana are also built using the SPL standard—specifically via SPL token extensions such as Metaplex. Each NFT is unique and has distinct metadata (e.g., images, traits). This flexibility fuels popular NFT collections and games across the Solana ecosystem. Platforms like OKX NFT Marketplace allow seamless trading of SPL-based NFTs.

Semi-Fungible Tokens (SFTs): The Bridge

SFTs begin life as fungible (ex: in-game currency or event tickets), but can transition to non-fungible (becoming unique) after an in-game event or redemption. This is a game-changer for digital collectibles:

• In gaming, an SFT can represent a “loot chest” (fungible) that converts to a one-of-a-kind item (NFT) upon opening.
• SPL empowers developers to implement this life cycle within a single framework.

Solana Token Account Structure & Mechanics

Understanding accounts is crucial to building or managing SPL tokens. Tokens on Solana operate using distinct account structures:

• Mint Account: Blueprint establishing the rules, supply, and authorities for a token
• Token Account: Holds a person’s or program’s balance in a given token
• Associated Token Account (ATA): The default, wallet-friendly address for each token in a wallet

This robust arrangement boosts both security and usability for exchanges and users. For instance, OKX’s integration with SPL token accounts means fast, reliable deposits and withdrawals on the platform.

Mint Accounts: The Token Blueprint

The mint account defines the essence of every SPL token:

• Token name and symbol
• Decimals (fractional support)
• Total supply
• Authorities (who can mint, freeze, or burn tokens)

Control and modification of the mint account require the correct authority keys. Lose those, and you may lose control of your token!

Token Accounts & Owners

Each token holding is managed through a token account, which maps the amount of a specific SPL token owned by a user or program. Transferring tokens means updating the balances in corresponding token accounts, with Solana’s speed ensuring near-instant settlements.

Associated Token Accounts (ATA)

ATAs simplify life for end-users and applications. They bundle a user’s wallet address and a given token mint into a single, predictable destination. Wallets and dApps can instantly find your ATA for any SPL token, reducing errors and streamlining deposit/withdrawal workflows.

💡 Pro Tip: Always use ATAs when airdropping tokens or building dApps—they maximize compatibility across Solana wallets and exchanges.

How to Create a Solana Token: Step-by-Step

Whether you’re a developer or a novice, you can launch an SPL token in minutes using Solana’s CLI tools or accessible no-code platforms. Here’s your roadmap:

Creating a Token with Solana CLI

1. Install Solana CLI
   sh -c "$(curl -sSfL https://release.solana.com/v1.10.32/install)"
2. Install SPL Token CLI
   cargo install spl-token-cli
3. Create a new keypair (if needed)
   solana-keygen new -o ~/my-keypair.json
4. Create the token mint
   spl-token create-token
5. Create an associated token account (for your wallet)
   spl-token create-account <TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS>
6. Mint tokens to your account
   spl-token mint <TOKEN_MINT_ADDRESS> <AMOUNT> <YOUR_TOKEN_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS>

A typical fungible token can be created by executing these steps. For NFTs, use the Metaplex CLI or extension features.

Using SPL Token Creators: Tools Overview

Prefer a GUI or low-code approach? Several tools make creating SPL tokens or NFTs even easier. Here’s a table summarizing top platforms:

Projects launched through these tools may be integrated easily for trading on platforms like OKX, giving your token quick access to a global market.

Advanced Features: Token-2022 and SPL Extensions

Token-2022 is an evolution of the SPL token standard that unlocks a new wave of advanced features for developers and enterprises. It brings enhanced programmability and flexible controls, making Solana’s token ecosystem even more competitive.

Key Features of Token-2022

Here’s how Token-2022 stacks up against classic SPL:

• Transaction Fees: Built-in per-transaction fees paid to token owners
• Confidential Transfers: Optional privacy for balances/transfers
• Programmable Authorities: Flexible multi-signature, freeze, or compliance settings
• Permissioned Transfers: Restrict who can send/receive (compliance)
• Extensions: Modular new features without rewriting base token logic

OKX tracks and supports new Solana token types and extensions to ensure seamless deposit, withdrawal, and trading for platform users.

Who Should Use Token-2022?

Token-2022 is ideal for:

• Regulated or enterprise tokens needing compliance modules
• Projects demanding privacy (DeFi, payroll, gaming)
• Complex dApps looking for enhanced programmability Legacy SPL works great for simple, standard tokens; Token-2022 is your toolkit if you need more.

SPL Token Standard vs ERC-20, ERC-721, and Ethereum

How does the SPL token standard on Solana stack up to Ethereum’s longstanding norms like ERC-20 and ERC-721? Here’s a side-by-side look:

• SPL tokens offer speed, low fees, and unified logic for FTs and NFTs
• ERC-20/721 remain dominant but are costlier and less flexible for some uses

💡 Pro Tip: OKX supports both Solana and Ethereum token standards—ensuring seamless interoperability for global crypto traders and builders.

Security Best Practices for Solana Token Creation and Management

Launching a Solana token is easy, but doing it securely matters even more. Follow these essential guidelines to protect your project and its users.

Top Security Risks When Minting Tokens

• Immutability: Once deployed, mistakes are hard to fix—double-check code/settings!
• Authority Keys: Securely store mint, freeze, and owner keys. Compromised keys can lead to loss of funds or unwanted minting.
• Supply Settings: Uncapped or poorly set supplies expose your token to manipulation or loss of trust.

Recommended Auditing Tools

• Solana Token Sniffer: Detects scam or risky tokens
• Open-source code auditors (e.g., Solscan): Review token logic and account state
• Community Audits: Verified projects vetted by the Solana or OKX communities

Security Checklist for New Tokens

• <input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Use hardware wallets for authorities
• <input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Verify your smart contract code and supply
• <input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Audit before launching or listing
• <input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Remove mint authority after distribution if no further minting is needed
• <input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Document all token settings and publish for transparency

OKX reviews basic criteria and best practices before listing SPL tokens, providing another layer of safety for its users.

Legacy Migration and Backward Compatibility

With Token-2022 and new SPL extensions rolling out, what happens to existing SPL tokens?

• Upgradability: Classic SPL tokens can be migrated to Token-2022 using community tools—but it is a one-way process and may break compatibility with older wallets/dApps
• Steps: Projects should snapshot holders, re-mint on Token-2022, and communicate changes to all users
• User Experience: Users may need to upgrade wallets or use bridging services; always guide them through changes

Refer to updated OKX documentation to check which token versions are supported and for guidance on deposits and withdrawals.

Real-World Use Cases: SPL Tokens in Production

SPL tokens power some of the most active projects and communities on Solana. Here are notable examples:

• USDC-SPL: The primary stablecoin on Solana, widely used for trading and payments (including Solana tokens on OKX)
• MAPS: DePIN and utility tokens with growing adoption
• NFTs: Famous collections like Degenerate Ape Academy and Okay Bears, minted and traded as SPL NFTs via Metaplex and OKX NFT Marketplace
• Semi-Fungible: Games like Aurory use SFTs for loot chests and tickets
• Token-2022 Adoption: Select projects (e.g., institution-facing stablecoins) have started upgrading to leverage fees and compliance modules

Many of these tokens and NFTs are actively traded or auctioned via OKX, giving users direct exposure to the best of Solana’s ecosystem.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the SPL token standard?

The SPL token standard is Solana’s official system for creating and managing digital assets on the blockchain. It offers fast transfers, low fees, and supports both fungible tokens (FTs) and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). SPL ensures compatibility with wallets and exchanges across the Solana ecosystem.

How do I create a Solana token?

You can create a Solana token using the Solana CLI (spl-token commands) or through user-friendly GUI tools like Dexlab or Solmint. Always secure your authority keys, double-check supply settings, and consider running a security audit before launching publicly.

How do SPL tokens work?

SPL tokens are managed via a mint account (defining rules and supply) and token accounts (holding actual balances). Transfers involve moving amounts between token accounts, using Solana’s high-speed network for near-instant transactions.

What is the difference between SPL and ERC-20 tokens?

SPL tokens run natively on Solana’s fast, low-fee blockchain. ERC-20 tokens belong to Ethereum, typically with higher fees and slower speeds. SPL’s unified logic lets one standard power both FTs and NFTs, whereas ERC-20 focuses on fungibles only.

Is SPL token Solana’s official standard?

Yes, SPL is to Solana what ERC-20 is to Ethereum. It is Solana’s official standard governing how tokens are issued and managed on the network.

Are SPL tokens safe?

SPL tokens are secure when created with best practices: strong authority key management, contract audits, and published documentation. Safety also depends on the trustworthiness of the project team or issuer.

Conclusion

Solana’s SPL token standard delivers a fast, low-cost, yet robust foundation for all types of digital assets—fungible tokens, NFTs, and even advanced programmable tokens via Token-2022. Unlike legacy Ethereum standards, Solana tokens offer unified logic, speed, and extensibility for future growth. With new features like confidential transfers and compliance modules, SPL continues to drive innovation.

Key takeaways:

• SPL tokens are Solana’s official, high-performance digital asset standard
• Flexibility serves FTs, NFTs, and SFTs—now with extensions via Token-2022
• Security and audit best practices are essential for safe deployment
• Platforms like OKX offer seamless trading, deposits, and withdrawals for SPL tokens

Ready to explore, create, or invest? Check out Solana tokens on OKX or learn more from OKX Academy: SPL token tutorials.

Crypto investments and token issuance involve risk. Always follow security best practices and review project documentation and audits before trading or deploying tokens.